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Health Web Science studies the interplay between the health sciences, health and well-being, and the Web’s large-scale socio-technological systems. Health Web Science, a sub-discipline of Web Science, focuses on the mutual interplay between the World Wide Web, the health-data it contains and the patients, researchers, practitioners and other stakeholders who utilize it. Health Web Science therefore studies the impact of the Web on health and well-being and the people who use it. It also studies the impact of health-related uses of the Web on the design, structure and evolution of the Web. Its focus is more strongly allied with non-medical stakeholders. Health Web Science thus complements and overlaps with the discipline of Medicine 2.0 (next generation medicine enabled by emerging technologies with a focus on health outcomes) with design being an important feature of both.〔McHattie LS, Cumming G, French T. Transforming Patient Experience: Health Web Science Meets Medicine 2.0 Med 2.0 2014;3(1):e2 URL:http://www.medicine20.com/2014/1/e2 DOI: 10.2196/med20.3128.〕 Furthermore, Health Web Science observes the emergent properties that arise as individuals interact with each other on the Web, interact with healthcare providers via the Web, and interact with the Web itself, as a tool for greater understanding. The origins of Health Web Sciences include the Web Science Curriculum meeting in the summer of 2010 at the University of Southampton where approximately forty scholars from different disciplines came together to discuss the impact of the Web on health and vice versa. That was followed by a foundational Workshop in Koblenz 2011 under the aegis of (ACM ).〔Brooks, E. H., Cumming, G. P., & Luciano, J. S. Health web science: application of web science to the area of health education and health care. In Proceedings of the second international workshop on Web science and information exchange in the medical web (pp. 11-14). ACM; 2011.http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2064741.2064746&coll=DL&dl=ACM&CFID=442852636&CFTOKEN=32594658〕 The dialogue to more precisely define Health Web Science as a sub-discipline of Web Science began among Web-oriented investigators present at the (2012 Medicine 2.0 ) Conference in Boston Massachusetts 2012 〔Luciano JS, Cumming GP, Wilkinson MD, Kahana E. The Emergent Discipline of Health Web Science J Med Internet Res 2013;15(8):e166 URL:http://www.jmir.org/2013/8/e166 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.2499 PMID 23968998 PMCID: PMC3758025〕 and was formalised in 2013.〔Luciano JS, Cumming GP, Wilkinson MD, Kahana E The Emergent Discipline of Health Web Science. J Med Internet Res 2013;15(8):e166 URL:http://www.jmir.org/2013/8/e166 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.2499 PMID 23968998 PMCID: PMC3758025.〕 This nascent discipline of Health Web Science is further described and developed in the monograph "Health Web Science" 〔Luciano, J. S., Cumming, G. P., Kahana, E., Wilkinson, M. D., Brooks, E. H., Jarman, H., … Levine, M. S. (2014). Health Web Science. Foundations and Trends® in Web Science, 4(4), 269‐419. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/1800000019〕 by NOW publishers "Health Web Science". A call to action at the (ACM Web Science workshop in Paris 2013 ) asked the community to consider how to address the issues related to the progression of the discipline. In particular, beyond the knowledge-gathering technologies already available (e.g. Blogs, Social-medicine portals, Experience Mining, Graph theory, Network analysis, Game theory), what additional resources or technologies are required to deal with the emergent properties of the Health Web? For example, what will be needed to curate, interrogate and visualize the combination of both 'Big Data' – arising from the increasingly pervasive sources and sensors including "the internet of things, the quantified self, smart cities and smart homes – and smaller-scale data arising from individual patients conversations, self-reporting, and self-exploration? How are small-scale innovations safely and efficiently scaled up to the size of the Web and scaled out to millions of patients?〔Gillam et al. (2009) The healthcare singularity and the age of semantic medicine. In The Fourth Paradigm Data-Intensive Scientific Discovery.Microsoft Research Washington. http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/collaboration/fourthparadigm/4th_paradigm_book_complete_lr.pdf〕 These new technologies must enable: -Predictive, personalized, preventive and personalized (P4) medicine〔Hood, L., & Friend, S. H. (2011). Predictive, personalized, preventive, participatory (P4) cancer medicine. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 8(3), 184-187.〕 -The emergence of the Expert Patient capable of making sense of online medical information in a personal context -Clinicians ability to deal with Information overload through e.g. text mining and semantic technologies, in particular through algorithm-aided decision making? At the Medicine 2.0 European meeting in 2014 the case was made for the need to design bespoke health web observatories. (The Web Science Trust ) introduced the concept of a (Web observatory ) as an integrated collection of data sources and data analysis tools that enables observation and experimentation for Web study 〔Hall, Wendy and Tiropanis, Thanassis (2012) Web Evolution and Web Science. Computer Networks, 56, (18), 3859-3865. Eprints:http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/343770/ 〕 and have further positioned a web observatory to bridge the gap between big data analytics and the rapidly growing web of broad data 〔Tiropanis, T, Hall, W, Shadbolt N, De Roure, David Contractor N, Hendler J. The Web Science Observatory 2013. http://wstweb1.ecs.soton.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/The-Web-Science-Observatory.pdf.〕 A Health Web observatory therefore is a system which gathers and links to health data on the Web (big data and broad data) in order to answer questions about the web, the users of the web and the way that each affect each other with an emphasis on health. In particular the case was made to design an observatory utilizing crowd wisdom to obtain information on the intrauterine and extrauterine gender specific effects on the genome (epigenetics) to complement the insights gained from data mining of health data bases. All this facilitates the 'Healthcare Singularity'〔Gillam et al.(2009)The healthcare singularity and the age of semantic medicine. In The Fourth Paradigm Data-Intensive Scientific Discovery. Microsoft Research Washington. http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/collaboration/fourthparadigm/4th_paradigm_book_complete_lr.pdf〕 where bench-to-bedside and experiment-to-practice becomes increasingly instantaneous. With this in-mind, Health Web Science combines the axiom of 'first do no harm' (Hippocrates) with 'do no evil' (Google), paying specific attention to what technologies are necessary to provide the triaging and safeguards required in an increasingly mechanized medical world. Medicine 2.0 is an annual conference with a focus on the science and evidence behind Health 2.0. Medicine 2.0 is a registered trademark of JMIR Publications, the producer of the conference and publisher of the leading peer-reviewed ehealth journal Journal of Medical Internet Research. == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Health web science」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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